For others who may come across this post: I discussed the 1598 dictionary a few posts back in this thread, at viewtopic.php?p=27281#p27281. It is the one by John Florio.
As is clear when you compare the two definitions, the dictionary does not consider "menchiatte" and "germini" to be synonyms. Florio defines "germini" in a way that sounds like the game later called minchiate. Florio simply says that "menchiatte" is a card game. He does not know anything more about it.
Monzali does not say where specifically Dummett claims that for Florio the two words were synonyms. All I know is that Dummett cites Florio in relation to those two entries in his book Il Mondo e l'Angelo, p. 257. He writes:
In English:Dopo il Berni non sentiamo più parlare da alcuna fonte fiorentina del gioco dei Tarocchi, ma solo dei Germini; ma di questi ne sentiamo parlare moltissimo. Divenne un gioco molto famoso non solo in tutta la Toscana, ma anche a Roma e in tutti gli Stati Pontifici, inclusa Bologna. Sia il nome «Minchiate», nella forma «Menchiatte», che il nome «Germini» compaiono nel dizionario italiano/inglese di John Fiorio, A Worlde of Wordes, pubblicato a Londra nel 1598.
Dummett does not say that Florio considers them synonyms. I doubt if Dummett said that about Florio anywhere else. Dummett himself considers them to be synonyms, but he does not attribute that belief to Florio. Florio enters in only in the regard that the word "menchiatte" existed by 1598 as a card game. Since after that the similar "minchiate" described a game that sounds much like what various 16th century sources called "germini", probably both words described the same game by that time. That is Dummett's inference, not Florio's.After Berni we no longer hear from any Florentine source of the game of Tarocchi, but only of Germini; but we hear of these very much. It became a very famous game not only throughout Tuscany, but also in Rome and in all the Papal States, including Bologna. Both the name «Minchiate», in the form «Menchiatte», and the name «Germini» appear in John Fiorio's Italian/English dictionary, A Worlde of Wordes, published in London in 1598.
Magic Moon: I do not think that your theory about "sminchiate" is correct, not only for the reasons that Pratesi gives, but also because of what else Berni goes on to say about "sminchiate," namely, his mention right afterwards of the "minchioneria" of having before one's eyes "the sun, the moon, the twelve", which of course describes minchiate (http://iapsop.com/ssoc/1816__singer___r ... _cards.pdf, pp. 27-28 (46 and 47 of the pdf)). This part was left out by Dummett in the passage from Berni that Pratesi quoted. Here is Singer's English, quoting from Berni. It is important to be aware that "Tarocchi" was the word for the 40 or 41 special cards of the game of Minchiate (a point that Dummett makes in the paragraph before the one I just quoted), as well as the 78 card game. Also important is the Italian word translated as "foolery", minchioneria, which seems to me to suggest "minchiate". I highlight the omitted part in bold. Here is what Singer says, referring to Berni:
Here is the Italian, given in a footnote:But what also is an important feature in this singular little book, is the mention which is made of the Tarocchi. "Another," says he, " as more pleasing, prolonging the entertainment, and giving pleasure to the company in looking at the paintings, has found that the Tarocchi are an excellent game ; and he seems to be in his glory, when he has in hand to the number of two hundred cards, which he can scarcely hold, and which, not to be overlooked, he shuffles as well as he can under the table. Let him look to it, who is pleased with the game of Tarocco, that the only signification of this word Tarocco, is stupid, foolish, simple, fit only to be used by Bakers, Coblers, and the vulgar, to play at most for the fourth part of a Carlino, at Tarocchi, or at Trionfi, or any Sminchiate whatever : which in every way signifies only foolery and idleness, feasting the eye with the Sun, and the Moon, and the twelve (signs) as children do."
After this, Singer puts Sig. D, as though to credit an Italian of his acquaintance for the transcription.Un altra più piacevolone di costui per intrattenere un poco più la festa, et dar piacere alla brigata, a guardare le dipinture, ha trovato che TAROCCHI sono un bel gioco, et pargli essere in regno suo quando ha in mano un numero di dugento carte che a pena le può tenere, et per non essere appostato le mescola cosi il meglio che può sotto la tavola, viso proprio di Tarocco colui a chi piace questo gioco, che altro non vuol dir Tarocco che ignocco, sciocco, balocco degno di star fuor fornari e calzolari et plebei a giocarse in tutto di un Carlino in quarto a Tarocchi, o a Trionfi, o a Sminchiate che si sia, che ad ogni modo tutto importa minchioneria et dapocagine, pascendo l'occhio col Sole, et con la Luna et col Dodici come fanno i puti.