Collection to the theme "Easter Bunny" (= Osterhase)
Ambrosius von Mailand ( c. 339 – c. 397)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose
Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Karlsruhe
Bände 20 – 22
Von Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Karlsruhe · 1908
Ambrosius von Mailand feiert die keusche Witwentrauer der Turteltaube und hält den Seidenspinner, den Vogel Phönix, das Chamäleon und den Schneehasen für Vorbilder der Unsterblichkeit der Seele.
automatic translation
Ambrose of Milan celebrates the chaste widowhood of the turtledove and holds the silkworm, the phoenix bird, the chameleon and the snow hare as models of the immortality of the soul.
https://www.google.de/books/edition/Ver ... frontcover
Hieronymus or Jerome (385) about Klippschiefer/Rock hyraxes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome
https://sciodoo.de/warum-kommt-der-oste ... eschichte/
Der Osterhase und das Christentum
Der Hase ist sowohl in Kunst allgemein als auch in gezielt christlichen Darstellungen zu finden. Eine eigentlich falsch übersetzte Bibelstelle gilt als Grund für die hohe Symbolkraft des Hasen in der Religion.
Im Buch der Sprichwörter in der Bibel wird von einem hilflosen Tier erzählt, das sich zum Schutz in Felsen versteckt. Bei den Tieren handelt es sich um Klippschliefer. Klippschliefer sind etwa so groß wie Kaninchen, sehen aber eher Meerschweinchen oder Murmeltieren ähnlich.
Das hebräische Wort für Klippschliefer lautet „schafan“. Als Hieronymus ab dem Jahr 385 das Alte Testament ins Lateinische übersetzte, benutzte er für „schafan“ das Wort „lepusculus“. Lepusculus bedeutet jedoch „Häschen“. Dieser Übersetzungsfehler legte den Grundstein für die Hasensymbolik im Christentum.
automatic translation
The Easter Bunny and Christianity
The hare can be found both in art in general and in specifically Christian depictions. A passage from the Bible that was actually translated incorrectly is considered to be the reason for the high symbolic power of the rabbit in religion.The book of Proverbs in the Bible tells of a helpless animal hiding in rocks for protection. The animals are rock hyraxes. Rock hyraxes are about the size of rabbits, but look more like guinea pigs or marmots.
The Hebrew word for rock hyrax is shaphan. When Jerome translated the Old Testament into Latin from the year 385, he used the word "lepusculus" for "schafan". However, Lepusculus means "bunny". This translation error laid the foundation for the hare symbolism in Christianity.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?s ... ersion=NIV .... no. 18
18 The high mountains belong to the wild goats;
the crags are a refuge for the hyrax.
In my opinion It's hardly imaginable, that this humble error caused a foundation of anything, at least not for the easter bunny. And I've also doubts, that hares are very enthusiastic about high mountains.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1E95_38I2h4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IirtQv6f-uU
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Bede's Names for English Months
English wiki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reckoning_of_Time
German wiki
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beda_Venerabilis .... (
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_temporibus ..... (705)
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_temporum_ratione .... (725) with chapter 15 and the English month names
....
http://www.nabkal.de/beda.html ..., (project De temporum ratione)
....
http://www.nabkal.de/beda/beda_i.html .... (content)
Latin version of chapter 15
http://www.nabkal.de/beda/beda_15.html
Caput XV:
De mensibus Anglorum
Antiqui autem Anglorum populi (neque enim mihi congruum videtur, aliarum gentium annalem observantiam dicere, et meae reticere) iuxta cursum lunae suos menses computavere; unde et a luna Hebraeorum et Graecorum more nomen accipiunt. Si quidem apud eos luna mona, mensis monath appellatur. Primusque eorum mensis, quidem Latini Januarium vocant, dicitur Giuli. Deinde Februarius Sol-monath, Martius Rhed-monath, Aprilis Eostur-monath, Maius Thrimylchi, Junius Lida, Julius similiter Lida, Augustus Vueod-monath, September Haleg-monath, Oktober Vuinter-fylleth, November Blod-monath, December Giuli, eodem Januarius nomine, vocatur. Incipiebant autem annum ab octavo Calendarum Januariarum die, ubi nunc natale Domini celebramus. Et ipsam noctem nunc nobis sacrosanctum, tunc gentili vocabulo Modranicht, id est, matrum noctem, appellabant, ob causam, ut suspicamur. ceremoniarum quas in ea pervigiles agebant. Et quotiescunque communis esset annus, ternos menses lunares singulis anni temporibus dabant. Cum vero embolismus, hoc est, XIII mensium lunarium annus occurreret, superfluum mensem aestati apponebant, ita ut tunc tres menses simul Lida nomine vocarentur, et ob id annus ille Thri-lidi cognominabatur, habens IV menses aestatis, ternos ut semper temporum caeterorum. Item principaliter annum totum in duo tempora, hyemis, videlicet, et aestatis dispartiebant, sex illos menses quibus longiores noctibus dies sunt aestati tribuendo, sex reliquos hyemi. Unde et mensem quo hyemalia tempora incipiebant Vuinter-fylleth appellabant, composito nomine ab hyeme et plenilunio, quia videlicet a plenilunio eiusdem mensis hyems sortiretur initium. Nec ab re est si et caetera mensium eorum quid significent nomina interpretari curemus. Menses Giuli a conversione solis in auctum diei, quia unus eorum praecedit, alius subsequitur, nomina accipiunt. Sol-monath dici potest mensis placentarum, quas in eo diis suis offerebant; Rhed-monath a deo illorum Rheda, cui in illo sacrificabant, nominatur; Eostur-monath, qui nunc paschalis mensis interpretetur, quondam a dea illorum quae Eostre vocabatur, et cui in illo festa celebrabant, nomen habuit, a cuius nomine nunc paschale tempus cognominant; consueto antiquae observationis vocabulo gaudia novae solemnitatis vocantes. Tri-milchi dicebatur, quod tribus vicibus in eo per diem pecora mulgebantur. Talis enim erat quondam ubertas Britanniae, vel Germaniae, de qua in Britanniam natio intravit Anglorum. Lida dicitur blandus, sive navigabilis, quod in utroque mense et blanda sit serenitas aurarum, et navigari soleant aequora. Vueod-monath mensis zizaniorum, quod ea tempestate maxime abundent. Halegh-monath mensis sacrorum. Vuinter-fylleth potest dici composito novo nomine hyemeplenilunium. Blot-monath mensis immolationum, quia in ea pecora quae occisuri erant diis suis voverent. Gratias tibi, bone Jesu, qui nos, ab his vanis avertens, tibi sacrificia laudis offere donasti.
Automatic translation
About the English months[/b]
But the ancient people of the English (for it does not seem appropriate to me to say the annals of other nations, and to withhold mine) counted their months according to the course of the moon; whence they take their name from the moon, according to the custom of the Hebrews and Greeks. If, indeed, among them the moon is a moon, the month is called monath. And the first of their months, indeed the Latins call January, is called Giuli. Then February Sol-monath, March Rhed-monath, Aprilis Eostur-monath, Maius Thrimylchi, Junius Lida, Julius likewise Lida, Augustus Vueodmonath, September Halegmonath, Oktober Vuinterfylleth, November Blodmonath, December Juli , by the same name January, is called. And the night itself, which is now sacred to us, was then called by the Gentiles by the term Modranicht, that is, the mother night, for the reason that we suspect it. of the ceremonies which the watchmen performed in it. And whenever there was a common year, they gave three lunar months to each season of the year. But when the embolism, that is, when the 13th lunar month occurred in a lunar year, they added an extra month to the summer, so that then three months together were called by the name of Lida, and for that reason that year was known as Thri-lidis, having 4 summer months, three as always in the other seasons. Also, in the main, they divided the whole year into two seasons, namely, winter and summer, assigning those six months in which the nights and days are longer to summer, and the remaining six to winter. Hence the month in which the winter season began was called Vuinterfylleth, a compound name from the winter and the full moon, because it was the full moon of the same month that marked the beginning of the winter. Nor is it out of the question if we take care to interpret the names of the rest of their months as well. The Julian months, from the revolution of the sun to the length of the day, because one of them precedes and another follows, receive names. Solmonath may be called the month of cakes, which they offered to their gods in it; Rhed-monath is named after their god Rheda, to whom they sacrificed there; Eostur-month, which is now interpreted as the Easter month, once by the goddess of those who Eostre it was called, and the festival they celebrated in it had a name, from which name they now call the Easter season; calling the joys of the new solemnity by the usual term of the ancient observance. It was called the tri-milchi, because the cattle were milked in it three times a day. For such was once the wealth of Britain, or of Germany, that the nation of the English entered into Britain. Lida is said to be pleasant, or navigable, because in both months the calmness of the winds is pleasant, and the seas are used to sail. Vueod-month of the month of weeds, which are most abundant in that weather. Haleghmonath, the holy month. Vuinterfylleth can be said to be a composite of the new name of the winter full moon. Blotmonath, the month of sacrifices, because in it the cattle that were to be killed were vowed to their gods. Thank you, good Jesus, who, turning us away from these vain things, gave you sacrifices of praise.
https://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/bede_on_eostre.htm ..... (English tanslation of a part)
15. The English Months
In olden time the English people -- for it did not seem fitting to me that I should speak of other people's observance of the year and yet be silent about my own nation's -- calculated their months according to the course of the moon. Hence, after the manner of the Greeks and the Romans (the months) take their name from the Moon, for the Moon is called mona and the month monath.
The first month, which the Latins call January, is Giuli; February is called Solmonath; March Hrethmonath; April, Eosturmonath; May, Thrimilchi; June, Litha; July, also Litha; August, Weodmonath; September, Halegmonath; October, Winterfilleth; November, Blodmonath; December, Giuli, the same name by which January is called. ...
Nor is it irrelevant if we take the time to translate the names of the other months. ... Hrethmonath is named for their goddess Hretha, to whom they sacrificed at this time. Eosturmonath has a name which is now translated "Paschal month", and which was once called after a goddess of theirs named Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. Now they designate that Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rite by the time-honoured name of the old observance. Thrimilchi was so called because in that month the cattle were milked three times a day...
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Deutsche Mythologie
by Jacob Grimm
Dietrich, 1835 - 710 Seiten
https://books.google.de/books?id=-EgVAA ... 20&f=false
Jacob Grimm noted 1835 the word "Ostara" as a reaction of the text of Beda Venerabilis (De temporum ratione)
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The Grimm Wörterbuch has a lot of articles, which present the word "Ostern" in connection to other words. One expression is the word Osterspiel or Osterspil. This means a sort of theatre play with contains the entry of Jesus in Jerusalem, riding on a donkey.
Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm (¹DWB)
OSTERSPIEL, n.,
mhd. ôsterspil, spiel (in oder auszer der kirche) zur osterfeier. vergl. myth.⁴ 651: theatrum, ubi fiunt osterspil Dief. 574ᶜ; auch das die predicanten exempel haben, die schlefferlichen menschen zuͦ erwecken und lüstig zuͦ hören machen, auch das sie osterspil haben zuͦ ostern. Pauli 14 Öst.; es ist nichts dann ein osterspil. Keisersberg has im pfeffer d 2ᵃ; kurzweil, so wir vasnachtspil, osterspil und dergleichen haiszen. Aventin. 4, 506, 9; es ist ein gewonheit hie, das buͦren alwegen zuͦ ostern in der nacht ein osterspil machen, wie unser her entstet usz dem grab. Eulensp. 18, 13 neudruck; osterspil der Franken. da gibt etwan ein reicher zwen fladen, den einen den jungen knaben, den andern den jungen meidlin, umb dise auf einer wissen vor aller menge zuͦ lauffen. Frank weltb. 51ᵃ; wie er (ain wunderbarlicher pfaff) zu Hainstetten ein osterspill hab halten wollen und die historiam des palmtags, wie der herr Christus uf aim esel zu Jerusalem ingeritten, spilen. Zimm. chron.² 2, 469, 28. vgl. 567, 40. 3, 376, 18. Alemannia 10, 201ᵃ;
(der nollbruder) fiel an den rück
in die kirchen, so lang er was,
des lacht alles volk uber d'masz
und im der schwank recht wol gefiel,
hilten es für ein osterspil.
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German Monatsnamen
"Monatsnamen" (names of German months) in old German times ...
http://turba-delirantium.skyrocket.de/a ... onate.html
also at
https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/bibl ... namen.html
The name
"Ostarmanoth" existed in c.800 by the author Einhard in "Vita Karoli Magni"
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Month April in Palazzo Schifanoia in Ferrara, Francesco del Cossa c1470 (with a lot of hares)
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The German word "Osten"
Italian = Este
French = Est
Spanish = Est
English = East
The German word "Ostern"
English = Easter
Italian, French, Spanish and many others = Words, which start with a "P" as many other languages (exceptions are Poland, Hungary, Czech)
Wikipedia Eos, Aurora, Thesan (goddess of morning dawn, when the sun starts in the East)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(mythology)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesan ... Etrurien
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eos_(Mythologie)
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(Mythologie)
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesan
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Wikipedia Astarte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astarte
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astarte
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Loth le Prous
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lot ... legendary king of Lothian in the northern part of Northumbria. Loth is brother-in-law of King Arthur by marriage with a sister of Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth ... (c.995 - c.1055), wrote about King Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae ... written around 1036
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothian
There's a raven in the foreground of the picture and it seems, that the animal in the background is a hare. The shield shall be from the heraldry of King Lot (or Loth), who shall have been brother-in-law to King Arthur in the work of Geoffrey of Monmouth by marriage with a sister of Arthur. Loth is father of the famous hero Gawain.
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Lepus
Lepus (= Hare), Star constellation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepus_(constellation)
Lepus is close to the famous Orion constellation. Canis Maior (big dog) and Canis Minor (small dog) are also close. In the star picture mythology the idea was formed, that Orion was a hunter and his both dogs attempt to capture the hare.
https://www.steamboatpilot.com/news/jim ... d-company/
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Österreich
The name Österreich (German name for English Austria)
Herkunft: um 996 n. Chr. als Ostarrîchi bezeichnet, was sich wahrscheinlich aus der damaligen Bezeichnung für Osten und dem Begriff für „eingegrenztes Gebiet“ (-rîchi) ableitet.
translated
Origin: referred to around 996 AD as Ostarrîchi, which probably derives from the term for east [German: Osten] and the term for “enclosed area” (-rîchi).
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Maria with Hare or Rabbit
Tizian: Die Madonna mit dem Kaninchen, Szene: Maria mit Christuskind, Hl. Katharina und Hl. Johannes der Täufer. um 1530, Öl auf Leinwand, 71 × 85 cm. Paris, Musée du Louvre. Kommentar: Auftraggeber: Frederico Gonzaga, Herzog von Mantua. Land: Italien. Stil: Renaissance.
Albrecht Dürer
Correggio
Martin Schongauer
http://www.onlinekunst.de/ostern/hase/schongauer.html