Re: Collection for 9 Worthies, 9 Helden and neuve preux

11
Yes, Maerlant makes sense as the author of the verses, and so before 1300, his latest date of death, as you had observed already in 2020, but now with many more links. Looking at the verses for Arthur, both long and short, I see no reference to "drie" (three, as in "drie Joden") followed anything in Middle Dutch resembling "kroon" (crown). The long verses for him are at https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_neg002npau0 ... 1_0008.php. So where that heraldic came from remains a mystery.

Re: Collection for 9 Worthies, 9 Helden and neuve preux

12
Wim van Anrooij at University of Leyden
https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/st ... ooij#tab-2

*****************

Book critique ....
https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.18 ... -lchr.5082
The text refuses automatic reading. I captured the most important sentences by hand.
Als bewijs voor stedelijke populariteit in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden voert de auteur de frequentie van uitbeelding aan: op wandtapijten, huisgevels, prenten, drinkbeters. Het kwantitatieve overwicht in presentatie betreft de steden Brugge en Gent. De Negen Besten golden in de stedelijke context as toonbelden van recht en rechtvaardigheid en ook vor de Noordelijke Nederlanden hebben wij bewijsplaaten van de stedelijke functie van de cultus, bijvorbeld in HHaarlem, waar Negen-Besten-Gedichte zijn bewaard worden in handschriften, stammend uit de stedlijke kanselerij
As proof of urban popularity in the Southern Netherlands, the author cites the frequency of depiction: on tapestries, house facades, prints, drinkers. The quantitative predominance in presentation concerns the cities of Bruges and Ghent. In the urban context, the Nine Best were considered symbols of law and justice, and we also have evidence of the urban function of the cult in the Northern Netherlands, for example in Haarlem, where Nine Best Poems are preserved in manuscripts dating from the urban chancery.
*****************
Last edited by Huck on 09 Nov 2022, 10:59, edited 2 times in total.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Re: Collection for 9 Worthies, 9 Helden and neuve preux

13
mikeh wrote: 09 Nov 2022, 09:57 Yes, Maerlant makes sense as the author of the verses, and so before 1300, his latest date of death, as you had observed already in 2020, but now with many more links. Looking at the verses for Arthur, both long and short, I see no reference to "drie" (three, as in "drie Joden") followed anything in Middle Dutch resembling "kroon" (crown). The long verses for him are at https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_neg002npau0 ... 1_0008.php. So where that heraldic came from remains a mystery.
Regions with dialects on the country with not much population have the feature, that the language has differences between the villages on short distance. At least the inhabitants claim that.
Dialects disappear with reading, writing, radio and television. And also with cities,

Gent - Brügge - Haarlem - Damme - Maerlant
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Gent,+B ... 365829!3e2

Gent - Brügge - Haarlem - Damme - Maerlant - Líège (Lüttich, Thibaut) - Luxembourg (Heinrich VII)) - Longuyon (Jacques de Longuyon) - Paris
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Gent,+B ... 856614!3e2

From Heinrich VII I've read, that he spend a great part of his youth in Paris and that he even could speach only French (I can't imagine the latter point, but something might be true). The later Emperor Karl IV was also educated at the French court.
The French king Philip IV didn't like, that Heinrich VII became the Roman king, he desired the throne for one of his sons. Later, in 1314 after the death of Heinrich VII, a new Roman king was elected and again Philip offered a son of him. Without success. Jacques de Molay, Philip IV and Pope died in this year.
Philip IV had trouble with the Flemish cities in the time, when Maerlant is under suspicion to have written his poems about Worthies.
Image
... 1300

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Fre ... 1294–1303)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of ... lden_Spurs .... 1302
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mons-en-Pévèle .... 1304
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Athis-sur-Orge .... 1305
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders
During the late Middle Ages, Flanders's trading towns (notably Ghent, Bruges and Ypres) made it one of the richest and most urbanized parts of Europe, weaving the wool of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, a sophisticated culture developed, with impressive art and architecture, rivaling those of northern Italy. Ghent, Bruges, Ypres and the Franc of Bruges formed the Four Members, a form of parliament that exercised considerable power in Flanders.
https://www.belgium.be/de/ueber_belgien ... er_festtag
Feiertag der Flämischen Gemeinschaft : 11. Juli
Feiertag der Flämischen Gemeinschaft, als Erinnerung an die Goldensporenschlacht (1302), als der Graf von Flandern zusammen mit den Milizen der Städte den französischen König in der Nähe von Courtrai besiegte.
automatic translation
Flemish Community Holiday : July 11th
Holiday of the Flemish Community, commemorating the Battle of the Golden Spurs (1302)), when the Count of Flanders, together with the towns' militias, defeated the French king near Courtrai.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_th ... _Community
Last edited by Huck on 11 Nov 2022, 08:54, edited 4 times in total.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

9 Worthies: LIVRO DO ARMEIRO-MOR, Portugal 1509 and others

14
LIVRO DO ARMEIRO-MOR
http://fidelissimus.blogspot.com/2017/1 ... artur.html

Image



https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_do_Armeiro-Mor ... with pictures of all Worthies and much more, Portugal 1509
automatic translation: https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.go ... r_pto=wapp
https://www.google.com/search?q=Livro+d ... A5sDwDHeAM .... google search

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Los nueve preciados de la fama by Juan Navarro, 1541 .... Spain, a book
https://books.google.de/books/about/Los ... edir_esc=y

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9 Heroes 1594, N. de Bruyn
https://nat.museum-digital.de/series/5077

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9 Helden, Lüneburg city council 1410-30 (?) Glasfenster (windows)

https://www.quadratlueneburg.de/das-ael ... thaus.html
https://www.inschriften.net/stadt-luene ... 538f79cc83

Image




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Neun-Helden-Teppich Basel, c1490
https://www.hmb.ch/fileadmin/a/hmb/date ... eppich.pdf
with pictures
"Nur noch fünf statt neun Helden weist der Bildteppich der Historischen Museums aus Basel auf (um 1490)"

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Engravings of Julius Caesar and Joshua, from a series of the Nine Worthies c1550
Virgil Solis - Imperial Austria: Treasures of Art, Arms and Armour from the State of Styria

Image


*********************
Image



given as "The Nine Worthies, illustration from Thomas of Saluzzos' Knights Errant, 15th c."
https://www.traditioninaction.org/relig ... thies.html

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A tapestry fragment, .... sold for 12.000 dollars
Felletin, Ateliers de la Marche, (Northern France), c. 220 x 238 cm, first third of the 16th century, coarse weave of silk and wool with several repairs, all sides trimmed, narrow outer borders replaced, mounted on linen.
ww.dorotheum.com/en/l/122593/

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List with Entry Ceremonies and Public Spectacles with Nine Worthies as Players
1336 Arras. “A pageant of the Nine Heroes was presented” (Rorimer 1960) Arras 1336
Burgers assumed the roles of the Nine heroes and bore the arms of the heroes
alongside their own arms. (Loomis) “First documented civic pageant that features
the Nine Worthies” (Egorov)
1411-1530’s Oudenard. “The Worthies became a staple of annual Sacrament processions 1411-
1530’s.”(Loomis p. 209. Also referenced in Egorov.)
1417 Kortrjk. Public spectacle where the Nine Worthies appeared. (Egorov)88
1420 Paris. Entry of Henry IV with mounted actors dressed as Worthies, live staged
performances and tapestries. (Campbell 2007)
1431 Paris. Entry of Henri VI of England Nine Worthies greeted King near the St.
Denis Gate. (Bryant)89
1444 Liege. Entry of Prince Bishop Jean de Heinsberg where Worthies participated.
(Fr. Wikipedia.org)
1447 Aalst. Public spectacles where Worthies participated (Egorov)
1455 London. An Entertainment for Queen Margaret in which Worthies gave
welcoming speeches. (Timperley)
1457 Nevers. Entry of Marie d’Albret, Countess of Nevers. “Eighteen Worthy men and
women would adorn the entry of Marie into the city” Costumes and head-dresses
were based upon a tapestry of the Nine Worthies”. (Weigert 2015)
1470 Dendermonde. Public spectacles with the Nine Worthies performing. (Egorov)
.... presented by Katherine L. Rachlin: "Spectacle, Spectatorship, and a New Reading of The Nine Heroes Tapestries", 2020, at page 68
The text has many related pictures ....
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/view ... c_sas_etds

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The nine heroes tapestries at the Cloisters / by James J. Rorimer and Margaret B.Freeman (1960)
https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digit ... /id/125817

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"Ni Helte" is the Danish expression for "nine heroes".

Aalborgstift overview
https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/kirker? ... DataAjax=1

Aalborgstift østvæg ... Dronninglund
https://aalborgstift.dk/_Resources/Pers ... /phpj9VTBo

Aalborgstift nordvæg ... Dronninglund
https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/kirker? ... DataAjax=1

Aalborgstift sydvæg ... Dronninglund
https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/kirker? ... DataAjax=1

Aalborgstift vestvæg ... Dronninglund
https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/kirker? ... DataAjax=1

Image


Alexander on an elephant and Artus on a very strange horse (some interpret the latter as a camel).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Aalborg

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The Parlement of the thre Ages
by Israel Gollancz (1897)
https://archive.org/details/cu319240131 ... 5/mode/2up

There is a second different edition with the same name and same author in 1915, This I couldn't find.
compare .... https://www.jstor.org/stable/43342415

***********************

THE THREE CROWNS OF KING ARTHUR. (1955)
By Cedric E. Pickford.
https://archive.org/details/YAJ0381955/ ... up?q=voeux .... page 373-382

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Arras, high medieval times ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras
====The wool industry and trade==== The town was granted a commercial charter by the French crown in 1180 and became an internationally important location for banking and trade. The wool industry of Arras, established in the 4th century, became of great importance during the Middle Ages. Already in the third century Romans had lauded about the quality of wool from Tournai and Arras. By the eleventh century Arras was the leading city and trading hub of the wool industry. This prominence would eventually shift towards areas north of Arras, and cities such as Lille, Douai and Saint-Omer, followed by Ypres and eventually Bruges would become the centres of the wool industry and trade. However, by the 14th century Arras still was renowned and drew considerable wealth from the cloth and wool industry, and was particularly well known for its production of fine tapestries—so much so that in English and Italian the word Arras (Arazzi in Italian) was adopted to refer to tapestries in general.[15] The patronage of wealthy cloth merchants ensured that the town became an important cultural center, with major figures such as the poet Jean Bodel and the trouvère Adam de la Halle making their homes in Arras.
The wool city Arras had a reason for the pageant in 1336.
1336 Arras. “A pageant of the Nine Heroes was presented” (Rorimer 1960) Arras 1336
Burgers assumed the roles of the Nine heroes and bore the arms of the heroes
alongside their own arms. (Loomis) “First documented civic pageant that features
the Nine Worthies” (Egorov)
Last edited by Huck on 12 Nov 2022, 08:41, edited 13 times in total.
Huck
http://trionfi.com

9 Worthies in Spain 1347

15
I enlarged this part (earlier in #14) and moved it to #15.

Older research ...
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueve_de_la_Fama ... Spanish wikipedia
Ya en 1351, por ejemplo, se documenta en Aragón un tapiz sobre la Istoria Novem Militum, y en una carta del año 1356 Pedro IV se refiere a un paño en el que aparecen las figuras de «Julio César, Héctor, Alejandro, Judas Macabeo, David, Josué, Carlomagno, Godofredo y el rey Arturo» y pide información sobre ellos al tesorero de la catedral de Gerona.1​ Al correr del tiempo, sin embargo, tanto el número como los nombres de los famosos caballeros cambia, se reduce o amplía a la conveniencia o intereses del autor.
automatic translation
Already in 1351, for example, a tapestry on the Istoria Novem Militum is documented in Aragon , and in a letter from the year 1356 Pedro IV refers to a cloth in which the figures of «Julio César, Héctor, Alejandro, Judas Macabeo , David, Joshua, Charlemagne, Godofredo and King Arthur» and asks for information about them from the treasurer of the cathedral of Gerona.
This note is taken from ....
https://books.google.de/books?id=-euVDw ... on&f=false
....
The Arthur of the Iberians: The Arthurian Legends in the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds, p. 253
by David Hook, University of Wales Press, 15.06.2015 - 576 Seiten
Huk refers to Bautista 11 ...
Ya en 1351, por ejemplo, se documenta en Aragón un tapiz sobre la Istoria Novem Militum, y en una carta del año 1356 Pedro IV se refiere a un paño en el que aparecen las figuras de «Julio César, Héctor, Alejandro, Judas Macabeo, David, Josué, Carlomagno, Godofredo y el rey Arturo», pidiendo alguna información sobre ellos al tesorero de la Catedral de Gerona (Rubió y Lluch 1908: I, docs. 157 y 221; Olivar 1986: 17-18).
https://journals.openedition.org/atalaya/363

Rubio y Lluch doc. 157
https://archive.org/details/documentspe ... ew=theater

CLVII
Perpinyà, 23 octubre 1351
Pere 11! se fa comprar
ELS DRAPS DELS NER CAVALLERS Y DE LES DOTZE PASSES Y EL CAVALLER BARGELLO
Petrus etc. dilecto consiliario et thesaurario nostro Berengario de Ulzinellis, legum doctori, salutem etc. mandamus vobis quatenus ematis ad opus nostri illos duos pannos quos vobis dicet dilectus consiliarius noster Raimundus de Villanova, et quorum unus est cum istoria novem militum, et eius precium dicitur esse quinquaginta florenorum auri, alius vero est de raç cum istoria de les .xii. passes et militis Bargello, cuius precium, sicut fertur, est trecentorum florenorum auri; quequidem precia exsolvatis, et recipiatis apocham de soluto ab illis quibos eadem duxeritis exsolvenda. datum Perpiniani sub nostro sigillo secreto .xxiii. die octobris anno a nativitate Domini .mcccli.
Rex Petrus,
Ant, Cor. Aragó, reg. 1.138, f. 75,
automatic translation
Peter, etc. to our beloved councilor and treasurer Berengarius of Ulzinelli, doctor of laws, greetings, etc. We command you, as long as you buy for our work those two pieces of cloth which our beloved counselor Raimundus de Villanova will tell you, and one of which is with the story of nine soldiers, and its price is said to be fifty florins of gold, while the other is of a race with the story of les xiii. passes and soldiers to Bargello, the price of which, as is reported, is three hundred florins of gold; for you shall pay the prices, and receive a portion of the money paid from those to whom you have taken the same to be paid. given to the Perpinians under our secret seal .xxiii. on the day of October in the year from the birth of the Lord .mcccli.
King Peter
Rubio y Lluch doc. 221 should be an error, cause that isn't a document of 1356. I have the suspicion, that it might be doc. 171.
https://archive.org/details/documentspe ... ew=theater .... from 15th March 1356
... this contains at least the name Charlemain. But likely this is also wrong.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_IV_of_Aragon
So, disappointed cause the both hints o not look very convincing, I started myself to search in the source, and I found something in doc. 135 ...

135 = CXXXV
Valencià, 27 febrer 1347
Pere III tracta d'un drap ab les figures dels nou grans Cavallers que li havia aportat d'Avinyò en Ramon Boyl
Lo Rey d Arago.
Fem vos saber que l amat conseller nostre en Ramon de Boyl nos aporta d Avinyò, depentes en un drap, les ymages dels reys devall scrits, es assaber: de Julíus César, Ector, Alexandre, Judes Macabeu, David, Josue, Carles Maynes, Godofre de Billo, e del rey Artus, les quals ymagens, segos que havem entès, foren tretes d aquelles semblants qui son a l alberch qui fou de .... que son ... en qual de nostre senyor Jhesucrist perço ... dites istories o epitafis e de totes les coses demunt dites e de la manera en que estan nos trametats clarament e departida translat ab plenera informació per lo portador de la present, sabent que d aço ns farets plaer e us ho grahirem molt.

datum en Valencià, sots nostre segell secret, a .xxvii. de febrer en 1 any de Nostre Senyor .mcccxlvi.
Dominus rex mandavic Matheo Adriani.
Al amat nostre deç Collell, tresorer de !a seu de Gerona.
Arx, Cor. Aragó, reg. 1,126, f. 161,
automatic translation
Valencian, 27 February 1347
Peter III deals with a cloth with the figures of the nine great Knights that Ramon Boyl had brought to him from Avinyò
The King of Arago
We let you know that our beloved advisor Ramon de Boyl brings us from Avinyò, hanging on a cloth, the images of the written kings, namely: Julius César, Ector, Alexander, Judas Maccabeu, David, Josue, Carles Maynes, Godofre de Billo, and of King Artus, which images, according to what we have understood, were taken from those similar ones who are in the alberch who was from .... which are ... in which of our Lord Jesus Christ ... said stories or epitaphs and of all the things above said and the way in which they are sent to us clearly and separately translated with full information by the bearer of the present, knowing that you will please us and we will thank you very much.

date in Valencian, under our secret seal, at .xxvii. of February in 1 year of Our Lord .mcccxlvi.
Dominus rex mandavic Matheo Adriani.
To our beloved ten Collell, treasurer of Gerona headquarters.
Arch, Cor. Aragon, reg. 1,126, f. 161.
https://archive.org/details/documentspe ... ew=theater

Avinyò is a location near Barcelona, so north of Valencia. The date of the document 1347, 27th February, falls in this development, described by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_IV_of_Aragon
As Peter had no male issue, his brother Count James of Urgell was the presumptive heir to the Aragonese throne. Peter grew to mistrust the intentions of James over time. Peter decided that he would instead name his daughter Constance as his heir presumptive notwithstanding the precedents established by James I and Alfonso IV to exclude females from the throne. To this end, he demanded that James cede his post as procurator general, a position which, by tradition, was reserved for the second in line to the Aragonese throne. James fled to Zaragoza where he gained the favor of certain nobles who wished to reassert their powers via the monarch. Peter eventually succumbed to the pressure to hold a cortes in Zaragoza where he made numerous concessions of royal authority to quell a rebellion he was not yet in a position to crush. One of such concessions was to revoke his attempt to name Constance as heir, and to restore James as procurator general. To avert additional damage, Peter dissolved the corts on the premise that he had to address a crisis developing in Sardinia. Not long thereafter, while Peter was in Catalonia, James suddenly died. Many suspected Peter of having arranged to have James poisoned. Deprived of their leader, the Union of Aragon was greatly weakened.

Venturing next to Valencia, Peter encountered the nascent Valencian Union which had taken its cue from its counterpart in Aragon. At Murviedro (Sagunt), Peter was forced to name his stepbrother Ferran as the new procurator general. Additional concessions of royal authority were made to appease the Unionists. This time when he attempted to leave a bad situation, Peter was held under guard in Valencia as a prisoner of the Union. Suffering perhaps his greatest humility, he and his queen were forced to dance with the common folk to show his subservience. Ironically, his salvation was the Black Death. Valencia was felled by this plague in May 1348, enabling Peter to escape amid the confusion. Assembling an army of increasingly powerful royalists in Aragon, Peter attacked the unionist forces at the Battle of Epila on 21 July 1348. Peter won a complete victory. Proceeding to Saragossa, Peter executed only thirteen Union leaders. By fourteenth century standards, this was a great display of magnanimity. Not the same can be said for the fate of Valencia. After being persuaded not to burn the entire city and sow it with salt, many were executed. Of particular note, he had the bell that the Valencian Union rang to summon its meetings melted down. The molten metal from the bell was then poured down the throats of the Union leaders so that they "should taste its liquor."
Perhaps it's of interest to study the details of this time more carefully.

1336 Pedro IV (17 years old) becomes King of Aragon
1338-04-29 Pedro IV marriage with Marie de Navarra (10 years old). Marie has 3 daughters in the years 1343-45. She is pregnant at the begin of 1347.
1347-02-27 date of the document
1347-04-29 Marie died at the birth of a boy, who was desired. The boy died a few days later.
1347-06-11 marriage contract with Éléonore de Portugal (18-19 years old) ...
1347-11-14/15 2nd marriage Éléonore with Pedro IV in Barcelona
1347-11-15 Death of James I, Count of Urgell, younger brother of Pedro IV. Pedro IV is suspected to have poisoned James. ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I,_Count_of_Urgell
1348 begin: Pedro IV becomes prisoner near Valencia, trouble with the Union of Valencia ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Valencia
1348-05 Plague in Valencia, Pedro IV escapes
1348-07-21 Battle of Epira ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Épila
1348-10-30 Éléonore de Portugal dies at the plague
1349-08-27 3rd marriage with Eleanor (24 years old), daughter of Peter II of Sicily .... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Sicily
The 3rd marriage of Pedro IV has 3 sons and one daughter

Image
https://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats ... bonic.html
Huck
http://trionfi.com

Poi alla fine uidi Artu et Carlo - Collection Worthies

16
"Poi alla fine uidi Artu et Carlo" ...
Image


Beinecke MS 438, Trionfi, Petrarca, 3rd quarter 15th century ,
https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/2004156 ... image 83/126

Fame looks here like the goddess of the World Championship of Calcio in Katar ...
Image
Fresco von Jan van der Straet: Calcio vor Santa Maria Novella, 1558 (Palazzo Vecchio, Florenz) (Repro aus "Kulturgeschichte des Sports", C.H.Beck, S.181)
https://www.archaeologie-online.de/nach ... ball-3134/

It's funny, that Artu and Carlo (Arthur and Charlemain, two of the 9 heroes) appear in the headline .... "Poi alla fine uidi Artu et Carlo"

Petersadlon in his Trionfi version doesn't have this line.
https://petrarch.petersadlon.com/trionfi.html

Another Trionfi edition, Marston MS 426, Florence, 1464, has "Poi alla fine uidi Arturo et Karlo". image 343/373 of ...
https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/2004157 .... but has no picture.
Nel cor pien d' amarissima dolcezza/...Poi alla fine uidi Arturo et Karlo.
[fragment of Tr. fam. 1]; f. 168v: Quartus triumphus. de
fama. Da poi che
morte triumpho nel uolto/...Si come auiene a chi uirtu relinque. [Tr.
fam. 1];
"Arturo and Karlo" look like a later addition, probably not of relevance for the earlier Petrarca version.
Huck
http://trionfi.com