mmfilesi wrote:I try to explain with a chronology the cause i dont think the word "tarot" born of the arabic world.
More or less the opinion is strong, that it came from France. The number of the different theories about the origin (maybe there 15-20 meanwhile) makes it a little bit superfluous to discuss the matter ... .-)
c. 1360 - 1370 - The cards arrives to Europe.
That's something like a working hypothesis, based on that, what is really sure. It not naturally describes the true state. It seems likely, that occasionally before cards were imported from the east, but they failed to cause "sure documents". Meister Ingold 1432 expressed the opinion, that cards arrived in Germany in the year 1300 for the first time.
1400 - 1442 - The cards are called "cartixelles."
When and where? There was more than one expression. And there had been different languages.
Probably for the small cardboard on which is painted. The only tarot game like a proper name is "the eight emperors" and "Divinity cards" (Michelino).
1442 - 1505 - The game of tarot is called in Milan and Ferrara "the game of triumphs", and refers also to the many festivals and parades are in Italy. A expcepción is Florence, where they are called "minchiate" or "Germini." I dont know what's happening in Bologna.
Germini didn't appear as an expression in 15th century. Minchiate appears (1466, 1471, 1477), but also the name "Trionfi" appears in Florence. Bolognese "Trionfi" notes appear in 1459 and 1477. A general famous story is that of Prince Fibbia in Bologna, who died 1419 and invented "Tarocchino" according a painting, which was painted in 17th century. This is usually not taken as a serious doument.
1505 - In Ferrara "tarocco" term appears. At the same time that the word "taraux" Avignon. Since then, it will be increasingly used variants of taraux or tarocco ...
Come to France
c. 1475 - Avignon and Lyon (near Provenza) become major centers of industrial production of cards.
c. 1475 to 1500. In Provence is very fashionable Le tarasque (pronounced Tarask). Rene founded Les chevaliers of Tarasque. Festivals are arranged with Le Tarasque protagonist. Its likely that the guilds of craftsmen paid or otherwise employees may participate in these processions. In the procession of Le Tarasque there is a devil, perhaps a fool (I have to check), a virgin and other characters. The procession of the Tarascan becomes deficinición procession of ordinary people, the people, as cardmarkers of Avignon and Lyon.
There is an article to another festivity with triumphal procession character in Aix:
http://www.france-pittoresque.com/traditions/48.htm
This notes a date of 1462 and between the presented figures (which have some similarities to Tarot cards) appears the duc of Urbino (= Montefeltro) and his wife (both had married 1460). Military forces of Provence and Naples had met in fight before or during the year 1462 around Naples ... the opposite forces (Naples) were guided by Montefeltro. So it seems to have been arranged with a "negative touch" and not expressed "honor", that the duc of Urbino was part of the show.
The festivity developed towards a sort of annual procession (since when precisely is not known to us)
Is there any connection to your festivity of the Tarascan? Generally there was a festivity called "feast of the fools" around first of January, which had been spread in various parts of Europe, also and especially in France. This was attacked already by council of Basel in the 1430's and then forbidden by Pope Eugen in 1445. In Italy stronger forms of carnival seems to develop in the 1460's and 1470's. The French and Provencal movements seem to have developed simultaneously.
Generally Renee d'Anjou developed the knight order of the Crescent ca. 1448/49 and members were also Francesco Sforz and Jacopo Marcello. Are these "Les chevaliers of Tarasque" a carnevalesque reply to the foundation of the other order?