Re: German Lenormand 1846 / Spiel der Hoffnung 1799
Posted: 11 Jun 2012, 09:45
Nürnberg collection:
Gütle and Hechtel don't stand alone, they are part of the rich Nürnberger tradition, which is made often by innovations and specific "game culture". So I start to collect a little bit to get the background. Maybe I make another article about it.
1346: Emperor Charles IV is elected. As Charles is King of the near Bohemia, Nürnberg develops the state of a second capital with the time.
1350: Early Carnivals customs in Nürnberg.
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=703&p=10358&hilit= ... auf#p10358
1354: Hübsch 1850 knows about a Nürnberger playing card producer in Prague, Jonathan Kraysel, which is documented for 1354. This would be the oldest known playing card producer known, if the text of Hübsch would be accepted as a solid document.
http://trionfi.com/0/p/95/
1380/84: The oldest Nürnberger playing card documents
1390: In Nürnberg a paper mill is installed and has the fame of "oldest paper mill" in Germany. There is some doubt about this "oldest", nonetheless the paper mill has much meaning for the development of the city and its playing card fame.
http://trionfi.com/0/p/21
1414: An anonymous "Kartenmaler" is recorded as the oldest known card producer. 38 card producers are counted by Schreiber (1938) for 15th century, meanwhile there might have been more counted by other researches. This might be taken as the "most" in Europe, although Lyon might have overcome this record, and - if Franco Pratesi proceeds with some energy his researches - Florence might overcome it, too.
http://trionfi.com/0/p/20/
1493: Schedelsche Weltchronik
viewtopic.php?f=14&t=638&p=9470&hilit=schedel#p9470
Some motifs of this book developed to playing cards, from which some were presented by "Castello dei Tarocchi"
http://trionfi.com/il-castello-dei-tarocchi
viewtopic.php?f=14&t=638&p=9470&hilit=schedel#p9470
The state of this deck is not clear. It might be from 1493 or a little later. It might be the oldest known Nürnberg playing card production. It might be a form of "oldest German Tarot" deck, as the used dices on the motifs necessarily should have 21 (or 22) motifs.
Schedel, the author, is known as a sort of playing card collector, who decorated with them some of his personal books.
since 1493: The Danhausen project showed interest in the Mantegna Tarocchi. The Mantegna Tarocchi took considerable influence on early German engraving.
http://trionfi.com/0/m/10
1495: Dürer painted parts of the Mantegna Tarocchi
16th century: Clas Oth since 1507, Hans Sebald Beham since 1523, Bernhard Merkle since 1527, Erhard Schön c. 1530, Hans Leonhard Schön c. 1535, eter Flötner c. 1540, Vigil Solis c. 1544, Jost Amman 1588 are old great names in the history of cards, all working for some time in Nürnberg.
17th century: Nürnberger teaching decks develop with the end of of the 30-years-war (1648). Nürnberg became famous for the "Nürnberger Trichter", which was a synonym for "learning through games"
I made a longer excursion (which also presents Nürnberg examples) here:
viewtopic.php?f=14&t=646&p=9636&hilit=praetorius#p9636
A great name of this development is Praetorius.
1689: The Backofen dynasty started to produce playing cards. The family stayed active till begin of 19th century.
Late 18th century, so important for Hechtel and Gütle:
Around 1785-1800 Backofen made also Tarock decks.
http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/WWPCM/germany/backofen.htm
Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki, popular Prussian painter and engraver of the 18th century, worked some time for Backofen (1785-92 ?):
http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_ ... ID=4740267
Andreas Haupold made also Tarock decks:
http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/WWPCM/germany/haupold.htm
John.Hein. Schenk made a German Cucu deck (Hexen- oder Vogelspiel)
http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/WWPCM/germany/schenk.htm
Kaplan II notes the names Johann Eberhardt, Johann Jobst Forster, Christ. Heinr. Reuter as active cardmakers around this time.
Each of them might have been the maker of the cards for the "Spiel der Hoffnung".
***********************
This book might be of interest:
It contains a list of French and German playing card meanings in cartomancy ... actually the author is interested to show, how one can cheat with "speaking machines" ... and he wants the public not to be cheated. So he has a similar orientation as Gütle.
The author is also from Nürnberg, seems to know Gütle, and speaks about Gütle (Guttle) in a short note (p. 137).
The book was written 1798, so very near to 1799.
I didn't get anything else about the author.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Sprachmaschinen oder sprechenden Figuren:
mit unterhaltenden Erzählungen und Geschichten erläutert
Heinrich Maximilian Brunner
Zeh, 1798 - 154 Seiten
books.google.de/books?id=ZL85AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA142
Here's the list with card meanings or French and Bavarian cards:
Gütle and Hechtel don't stand alone, they are part of the rich Nürnberger tradition, which is made often by innovations and specific "game culture". So I start to collect a little bit to get the background. Maybe I make another article about it.
1346: Emperor Charles IV is elected. As Charles is King of the near Bohemia, Nürnberg develops the state of a second capital with the time.
1350: Early Carnivals customs in Nürnberg.
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=703&p=10358&hilit= ... auf#p10358
1354: Hübsch 1850 knows about a Nürnberger playing card producer in Prague, Jonathan Kraysel, which is documented for 1354. This would be the oldest known playing card producer known, if the text of Hübsch would be accepted as a solid document.
http://trionfi.com/0/p/95/
1380/84: The oldest Nürnberger playing card documents
1390: In Nürnberg a paper mill is installed and has the fame of "oldest paper mill" in Germany. There is some doubt about this "oldest", nonetheless the paper mill has much meaning for the development of the city and its playing card fame.
http://trionfi.com/0/p/21
1414: An anonymous "Kartenmaler" is recorded as the oldest known card producer. 38 card producers are counted by Schreiber (1938) for 15th century, meanwhile there might have been more counted by other researches. This might be taken as the "most" in Europe, although Lyon might have overcome this record, and - if Franco Pratesi proceeds with some energy his researches - Florence might overcome it, too.
http://trionfi.com/0/p/20/
1493: Schedelsche Weltchronik
viewtopic.php?f=14&t=638&p=9470&hilit=schedel#p9470
Some motifs of this book developed to playing cards, from which some were presented by "Castello dei Tarocchi"
http://trionfi.com/il-castello-dei-tarocchi
viewtopic.php?f=14&t=638&p=9470&hilit=schedel#p9470
The state of this deck is not clear. It might be from 1493 or a little later. It might be the oldest known Nürnberg playing card production. It might be a form of "oldest German Tarot" deck, as the used dices on the motifs necessarily should have 21 (or 22) motifs.
Schedel, the author, is known as a sort of playing card collector, who decorated with them some of his personal books.
since 1493: The Danhausen project showed interest in the Mantegna Tarocchi. The Mantegna Tarocchi took considerable influence on early German engraving.
http://trionfi.com/0/m/10
1495: Dürer painted parts of the Mantegna Tarocchi
16th century: Clas Oth since 1507, Hans Sebald Beham since 1523, Bernhard Merkle since 1527, Erhard Schön c. 1530, Hans Leonhard Schön c. 1535, eter Flötner c. 1540, Vigil Solis c. 1544, Jost Amman 1588 are old great names in the history of cards, all working for some time in Nürnberg.
17th century: Nürnberger teaching decks develop with the end of of the 30-years-war (1648). Nürnberg became famous for the "Nürnberger Trichter", which was a synonym for "learning through games"
I made a longer excursion (which also presents Nürnberg examples) here:
viewtopic.php?f=14&t=646&p=9636&hilit=praetorius#p9636
A great name of this development is Praetorius.
1689: The Backofen dynasty started to produce playing cards. The family stayed active till begin of 19th century.
Late 18th century, so important for Hechtel and Gütle:
Around 1785-1800 Backofen made also Tarock decks.
http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/WWPCM/germany/backofen.htm
Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki, popular Prussian painter and engraver of the 18th century, worked some time for Backofen (1785-92 ?):
http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_ ... ID=4740267
Andreas Haupold made also Tarock decks:
http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/WWPCM/germany/haupold.htm
John.Hein. Schenk made a German Cucu deck (Hexen- oder Vogelspiel)
http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/WWPCM/germany/schenk.htm
Kaplan II notes the names Johann Eberhardt, Johann Jobst Forster, Christ. Heinr. Reuter as active cardmakers around this time.
Each of them might have been the maker of the cards for the "Spiel der Hoffnung".
***********************
This book might be of interest:
It contains a list of French and German playing card meanings in cartomancy ... actually the author is interested to show, how one can cheat with "speaking machines" ... and he wants the public not to be cheated. So he has a similar orientation as Gütle.
The author is also from Nürnberg, seems to know Gütle, and speaks about Gütle (Guttle) in a short note (p. 137).
The book was written 1798, so very near to 1799.
I didn't get anything else about the author.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Sprachmaschinen oder sprechenden Figuren:
mit unterhaltenden Erzählungen und Geschichten erläutert
Heinrich Maximilian Brunner
Zeh, 1798 - 154 Seiten
books.google.de/books?id=ZL85AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA142
Here's the list with card meanings or French and Bavarian cards: