CHRONOLOGY OF EARLY TAROT EVIDENCE
~ 1440s ~
1440Florence – Record: 1 pack of tarot cards (naibi a trionfi) - commissioned by Giusti Giusto for Sigismondo Malatesta
1442
Ferrara – Record: 4 packs of tarot cards (chartexele da trionffy) - painted by Jacomo Sagromoro for Leonello d'Este
Ferrara – Record: 1 pack of tarot cards (carte da trionfi) - bought by Este servant Jacomo from Marchione Burdochio for Este princes Ercole and Sigismondo (aged 10 and 8)
1443-1445
Lombardy - Deck: approximate date of Brambilla tarot
Lombardy - Deck: approximate date of Cary-Yale tarot (also known as Visconti di Modrone)
1445
Florence - Record: 1 tarot pack (trionfi di charta grandi) - Martino di Giovanni
1448
Lombardy - Record: Marcello receives 1 standard tarot pack ([ludus] quem triumphum apellant) - as a gift while in the environs of Milan
1449
Florence - Record: 6 tarot packs - painted by Giovanni di Domenico
Tentative - 1440s
Lombardy - Iconography: frescoes of wealthy card-players, traditionally considered tarocchi, in Palazzo Borromeo in Milan, and the Sala dei Svaghi of the castle in Masnago. (although in truth no Triumph cards can be seen (or were even seen in an old photo from before the bombing))
~ 1450s ~
1450Florence - Record: 3 tarot packs - Giovanni di Domenico
Florence - Record: 2 tarot packs - bought by Bernardo d'Uguccione
Florence - Record: permission of four card games, including triumphum
Lombardy - Record: Sforza writing a letter asking for his secretary to buy some packs of triumphs, which he appears to have received two days later
Ferrara – Record: payments for carte da trionfi
1450-1455
Ferrara – Deck: only an existing Chariot card, Issy-les-Moulineaux, school of Ferrara (other cards from this pack are in the Warsaw museum)
1451
Florence - Record: 2 tarot packs - Antonio Di Dino
Florence - Record: 2 tarot packs - made my Antonio di Simone, bought by Leonardo di Tomaso
Ferrara – Record: 1 tarot pack
1452
Florence - Record: 30 tarot packs (naibi di trionfi) - Antonio Di Dino
Florence - Record: 6 tarot packs - Giovanni di Domenico
Florence - Record: 12 tarot packs - Various Supplier
Lombardy - Record: Sigismondo Malatesta writing to the Duchess, Bianca Maria Visconti-Sforza, to commission for him some packs of triumphs
Siena – Record : importation of triumph cards from Florence (reported by Zdekauer, without transcription of original (hence the description “unconfirmed”))
1453
Florence - Record: 12 tarot packs - Giovanni di Domenico
Florence - Record: 4 tarot packs - Manetto d'Agnlolo merciai
Florence - Record: 24 tarot packs - Various Suppliers
Florence - Record: 9 tarot packs - Matteo Ballerini
Rome - Record: 8 tarot packs - Giovanni da Pistoia
1454
Florence - Record: 14 tarot packs - Manetto d'Agnlolo merciai
Florence - Record: 6 tarot packs - bought by Piero Antonio di Ser Bernaba
Florence - Record: 2 tarot packs - Matteo Ballerini
Ferrara – Record: payments for various packs of triumphs
1455
Florence - Record: 3 tarot packs - Matteo Ballerini
Florence - Record: 6 tarot packs - Manetto d'Agnlolo merciai
Padua - Record: sermon of Roberto da Lecce Caracciolo, mentions triumph cards with popes and cardinals
Lombardy - Deck: plausible date for the Visconti-Sforza pack (Dummett has recently argued for a date in the early 1460s)
1456
Florence - Record: 2 tarot packs - Matteo Ballerini
Ferrara – Record: Ugo Trotti recommends triumphs as a very good game
1457
Ferrara – Record of payments for packs of triumphs
1459
Ferrara – Record: printing block for triumph cards noted
Bologna – Record: stolen pack of triumphs recovered
Tentative - 1450s
Florence - Decks: painted cards, including “Charles VI”, Catania (Castello Ursino), Rothschild (attribution to Florence for these cards is a recent theory)
~ 1460s ~
1460Florence - Record: 4 tarot packs - Matteo Ballerini
Padua - Record: approximate time of Valerio Marcello having played triumphs with his father’s friends in Monselice (he lived from 1452-1461, so I place it towards the end of his short life)
Ferrara – Record: payments for various packs of triumphs
1461
Ferrara – Record: payment for triumphs
1463
Ferrara – Record: payment for triumphs
Florence - Record: repetition of law permitting triumph to be played (with two additional games)
1466
Florence - Record: Minchiate being mentioned, presumably a card game (but there is no way to determine, and no consensus, that this is the same as the card pack and game that would be later known as Minchiate and Germini)
1468
Lombardy - Record: Galeazzo Maria Sforza commissioning Bonifacio Bembo to paint a cycle of frescoes in the castle in Pavia, including one of “Ladies Bona and Isabeta (…) and her maids playing triumphs in the garden” (the explicit mention of “triumphs” gives weight to the impression that other contemporary “games frescoes” in Borromeo, Masnago and perhaps the Roccabianca card-scene are also intended to represent the playing of triumphs, although no tarot trumps can be seen in them).
Tentative - 1460s
Lombardy - Iconography: fresco of card game between two players (male and female) in Roccabianca (now housed in Castello Sforzesco, Milan)
~ 1470s ~
1471Florence - Record: playing minchiate in Cortono (a city belonging to Florence)
1473
Ferrara – Deck: earliest possible date for Ercole d’Este tarot
1474
Lombardy - Record: two letters of GM Sforza requesting packs of triumphs
1474-1478
Florence - Record: Florentine cards imported in Rome
1477
Bologna – Record: Riminese man commissions a Bolognese cardmaker for several hundred packs of cards, including an unspecified number of triumph packs
Florence - Record: Minchiate appears in a list of permitted games (but I cannot determine if trionfi is also listed, which might indicate that Minchiate was a distinct pack as well as game)
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The above list of early tarot evidence based on the list originally assembled by Ross here:
http://ludustriumphorum.blogspot.co.uk/ ... ntion.html
With the new notes on Florence from here:
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=815&start=
And recommendations from additional posts below...