Bohemia ... early playing card notes ; theme -1377
Posted: 18 Apr 2015, 09:02
Added January 2017: The thread was renamed from "Bohemia ... in 1309 ; theme "cards -1377"" to "Bohemia ... early playing card notes ; theme -1377" with the intention to collect threads, where the topics are earlier than the year 1377 (early playing card documents); not included are themes, which don't relate to a very early origin of playing cards.
I intend to collect these threads via link at the thread "Collection Playing Cards before 1377 ; theme -1377"
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=1155
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Start original article:
Bohemia ... in 1309
Henry of Bohemia, also "Henry of Carinthia" (here name "von Kärnten"), was elected king of Bohemia in 1306 and again in 1307-10.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia
In his time the game with dice became very popular in Bohemia through his soldiers "from Tyrol and Carinthia", this story is variously reported in early Bohemian chronicles. Well, the game stayed popular a longer time in Bohemia, also, when Henry was gone.
One of the reports is given here, translated probably from "Kronika Czeska" (1541) to German language. It's from Wenceslaus Hajek or Hagek or Hageck (died 1553 in Prague) ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus_Hajek
... and a German translation was produced 1596-98 according worldcat, 1596 according Google.
Here's a version of 1718 (which differs likely not much to the edition of 1596 ... http://books.google.de/books?id=HhBPAAAAcAAJ ):
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de ... 00540.html
It's talked of dice, not of playing cards. What the Czech edition talked about I don't know.
In 1599 now another project was published ...
It reports also the events of the year 1309 in Bohemia, but it's much shorter (Hajec had various pages for this year). Although it's shorter one detail is changed: Now it are dice AND playing cards.
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de ... ageNo=1187
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de ... ageNo=1188
It's difficult to read and one has to translate a few things, but "Kartenspiel" is very clear.
The author gives a reference to this note: "Hag." and "Franck." (all articles get references). At his author page he forgets to mention "Hag.", but from other references, where he writes "Hageck" it's clear, hat he means Hajek and his Bohemian chronicle. At the author's list appears a "Iacob Franck", which should be the "Franck" of his reference.
The Hajek text is known, at least in translation. It doesn't include the "Kartenspiel". The logical conclusion is, that Iacob Franck should have been the one, who added this detail. Franck gives more than one note to some of the articles and once he is noted for a text from 1591. So Iacob Frank should have been (likely) a living author in 1599.
This Iacob Franck is a riddle. Worldcat can't identify the author, and general internet has also trouble.
A "Johann Francken" appears at the title text (see above, at the bottom), but the real name should be "Johann Francke" (likely 1547-1625), a man, who was involved in many book productions since 1570.
https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3A ... first_page
Iacob Franck looks like a cooperator to Georg Nicolaus and possibly he was a relative to Johann Francke or he was just Johann Francke himself. The publisher (and it seems, that he was occasionally also author) Johann Francke is topic in this research ...
https://books.google.de/books?id=JtjnDE ... ke&f=false
... and he is suspected to have variously operated with pseudonyms.
Maybe Jacob Franck or Johann Francke had indeed better (or different) information to the situation of 1309 in Bohemia. Maybe he forged history a little bit.
*************
Playing card history author Breithaupt (1784) noted (p. 113, note to page 9) ...
https://books.google.de/books?id=yYk53h ... el&f=false
Breithaupt found in the "Gesellschafter", Magdeburg 1783, the note with 1309 and Heinrich von Kärnten, though he addresses only the passage with the dice.
http://books.google.de/books/about/Der_ ... edir_esc=y
... (contains no text)
*************
Again 1309 and Heinrich von Kärnten (= Carinthia) in a text of 1808
https://books.google.de/books?id=dOFdAA ... &q&f=false
(the description is about tricks with a small ball, a game,which also said to have come from Italy as the Kartenspiel)
This author J. F. Schönfeldt seems to know the passage with "Kartenspiel" and "1309". The author has a German name and he writes in German, though he claims, that Bohemia was his home country.
LATER ADDED
I noted by worldcat ...
https://www.worldcat.org/title/kronyka- ... ht=edition
... that J.F. Schoenfeld engaged for the production ...
*************
Earlier we talked about Johann Petrasch and his Tarocchi poem, published in 1767 ...
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=819
I intend to collect these threads via link at the thread "Collection Playing Cards before 1377 ; theme -1377"
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=1155
**************
Start original article:
Bohemia ... in 1309
Henry of Bohemia, also "Henry of Carinthia" (here name "von Kärnten"), was elected king of Bohemia in 1306 and again in 1307-10.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_of_Bohemia
In his time the game with dice became very popular in Bohemia through his soldiers "from Tyrol and Carinthia", this story is variously reported in early Bohemian chronicles. Well, the game stayed popular a longer time in Bohemia, also, when Henry was gone.
One of the reports is given here, translated probably from "Kronika Czeska" (1541) to German language. It's from Wenceslaus Hajek or Hagek or Hageck (died 1553 in Prague) ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus_Hajek
... and a German translation was produced 1596-98 according worldcat, 1596 according Google.
Here's a version of 1718 (which differs likely not much to the edition of 1596 ... http://books.google.de/books?id=HhBPAAAAcAAJ ):
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de ... 00540.html
It's talked of dice, not of playing cards. What the Czech edition talked about I don't know.
In 1599 now another project was published ...
That's only the title. It's a chronicle of the world. The author called himself Georg Nicolaus.SYLLOGE HISTORICA, Oder Zeit vnd Ge||schichtbuch In dem die aller gedenckwirdigsten Biblischen/ vnd andere vornem[m]ste Weltgeschichte/ Aus den glaubwirdigsten Griechischen/ Lateinischen vnd Teutschen/ Alten vnd Newen Kirchen/ vnd Heidnischen Historicis, auffs aller kürsten zusammmen getragen/ vnd in ordentliche Jahruorzeichnis verfasset worden sind/ die sich innerhalb 5562 Jahren/ vom anfang der Welt/ bis zum 1599. Jahre nach Christi Geburt/ in allen vier Monarchen/ der Assyrier/ Persen/ Griechen/ vnd Römer/ Ach sonst bey Jüden/ Heiden/ Christen/ Saracenen/ Tartern/ Türcken/ Hunen/ Moscouiten/ Reussen/ Preussen/ Polen/ Sweden/ Dänen/ Englendern/ Hispanien/ Francen/ Welschen/ Teutschen/ vnd in newer Welt zu getragen haben. Alles mit sonderm fleiß/ vnd grosser mühsamkeit/ aus Authoribus zusammen gelesen/ vnd in vnterschiedene Jahrzeiten abgetheilet/ dergleichen zuuor im Druck nicht gesehen ist/ Darzu mit einem nützlichen Register verfertiget /
It reports also the events of the year 1309 in Bohemia, but it's much shorter (Hajec had various pages for this year). Although it's shorter one detail is changed: Now it are dice AND playing cards.
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de ... ageNo=1187
http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de ... ageNo=1188
It's difficult to read and one has to translate a few things, but "Kartenspiel" is very clear.
The author gives a reference to this note: "Hag." and "Franck." (all articles get references). At his author page he forgets to mention "Hag.", but from other references, where he writes "Hageck" it's clear, hat he means Hajek and his Bohemian chronicle. At the author's list appears a "Iacob Franck", which should be the "Franck" of his reference.
The Hajek text is known, at least in translation. It doesn't include the "Kartenspiel". The logical conclusion is, that Iacob Franck should have been the one, who added this detail. Franck gives more than one note to some of the articles and once he is noted for a text from 1591. So Iacob Frank should have been (likely) a living author in 1599.
This Iacob Franck is a riddle. Worldcat can't identify the author, and general internet has also trouble.
A "Johann Francken" appears at the title text (see above, at the bottom), but the real name should be "Johann Francke" (likely 1547-1625), a man, who was involved in many book productions since 1570.
https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3A ... first_page
Iacob Franck looks like a cooperator to Georg Nicolaus and possibly he was a relative to Johann Francke or he was just Johann Francke himself. The publisher (and it seems, that he was occasionally also author) Johann Francke is topic in this research ...
https://books.google.de/books?id=JtjnDE ... ke&f=false
... and he is suspected to have variously operated with pseudonyms.
Maybe Jacob Franck or Johann Francke had indeed better (or different) information to the situation of 1309 in Bohemia. Maybe he forged history a little bit.
*************
Playing card history author Breithaupt (1784) noted (p. 113, note to page 9) ...
https://books.google.de/books?id=yYk53h ... el&f=false
Breithaupt found in the "Gesellschafter", Magdeburg 1783, the note with 1309 and Heinrich von Kärnten, though he addresses only the passage with the dice.
http://books.google.de/books/about/Der_ ... edir_esc=y
... (contains no text)
*************
Again 1309 and Heinrich von Kärnten (= Carinthia) in a text of 1808
https://books.google.de/books?id=dOFdAA ... &q&f=false
(the description is about tricks with a small ball, a game,which also said to have come from Italy as the Kartenspiel)
This author J. F. Schönfeldt seems to know the passage with "Kartenspiel" and "1309". The author has a German name and he writes in German, though he claims, that Bohemia was his home country.
LATER ADDED
I noted by worldcat ...
https://www.worldcat.org/title/kronyka- ... ht=edition
... that J.F. Schoenfeld engaged for the production ...
That was a reprint of the original of the Hajek Bohemian chronicle of 1541. Perhaps it indeed contained the "Kartenspiel" for the year 1309 ?Kronyka czeská.
Author: Václav Hájek z Libočan; Johann Ferdinand Schönfeld, Ritter von
Publisher: [Prague] : [Johann Ferdinand von Schönfeld], [1819]
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Earlier we talked about Johann Petrasch and his Tarocchi poem, published in 1767 ...
viewtopic.php?f=11&t=819
The Brenta runs down down from the Tyrol region. In the story of Heinrich von Kärnten, once king of Bohemia, he was ruler in Kärnten and in Tyrol. He might have been the one, which Petrasch meant with ""Der an der Brenta ließ die erste Karte malen ... "In a small sentence the author notes a theory about the origin of playing cards or Tarocchi cards:
"Der an der Brenta ließ die erste Karte malen ... "
... somebody living at the Brenta (Italian river, which enters the Adria in the near South of Venice) commissioned the first painting of the cards.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenta_%28river%29
From the perspective of Slavonia (historical region inside Croatia) it's likely logical to associate Venice as the location of the origin of either Playing or Tarot cards (perhaps he knew already the Venetian document of 1299 ?).